"Never Event" en cirugía: Análisis Causa-Raíz / "Never Event" in surgery: Root-Cause Analysis

RESUMEN La seguridad del paciente es un elemento imprescindible de la calidad asistencial. Al menos la mitad de los eventos adversos en pacientes hospitalizados están en relación con la práctica quirúrgica. El Análisis Causa-Raíz es un estudio sistemático de estos eventos mediante una revisión paso a paso de la cronología de los hechos, para identificar las causas que podrían haber llevado a la producción del evento. El Diagrama de Ishikawa o "espina de pescado" es una herramienta gráfica es una herramienta útil. El éxito radica en lograr responder qué sucedió, por qué sucedió, y qué puede hacerse para evitar que suceda nuevamente algún evento que vulnera la seguridad del paciente. El propósito último es la mejora de los procesos asistenciales impidiendo la repetición del evento adverso y priorizando el aprendizaje y mejora a partir de su análisis. La comunicación institucional de los hallazgos del análisis y las medidas para implementar, la discusión de casos en ateneos de morbimortalidad y la educación continua del personal son pilares para el cambio en la cultura hacia una centrada en la seguridad y calidad, sustituyendo la cultura "reactiva" por una "proactiva", que toma los eventos como instrumento para el aprendizaje y la mejora continua.

ABSTRACT At least half of the adverse events on hospitalized patients are associated with surgery. Root cause analysis (RCA) is a systematic way of analyzing these events to find their causes through a step-by-step review of the chronology of facts, identifying those that could have caused the event. An Ishikawa diagram (also called fishbone diagram) is a visual method for root cause analysis that allows the identification and categorization of all possible causes of an event. The goal is to answer what happened, why did it happen, and what can be done to prevent it from happening again. The ultimate goal is to improve healthcare processes by preventing the recurrence of the adverse event and prioritizing learning and improvement based on its analysis. Communicating the findings of the analysis and the measures to be implemented, discussing cases in morbidity and mortality meetings and continuous education of staff are the cornerstones for changing the culture towards one centered on safety and quality, replacing the "reactive" culture with a "proactive" culture, which considers events as an instrument for learning and continuous improvement.

Antibiotic consumption history of patients in a referred laboratory in Yaounde

Background. Regulation of antibiotic prescription and consumption remain a major public health burden in low- and middle-income country. This study aimed to describe the antibiotic consumption of patients who had a positive antibiotic culture in a reference laboratory. Methods. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted among 113 participants with positive antibiogram with a documented history of antibiotics intake at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH) in Cameroon between January 2016 to June 2021. Data were stored and analyzed using the Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) version 7.3 and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. Descriptive statistic was used to estimate the indicators. Results. Of the 113 patients enrolled, 105 had a history of drug use; 56 participants (53, 3%) had taken at least 2 antibiotics prior to sampling. Cephalosporins were the most consumed antibiotics (41, 0%), followed by nitroimidazols (28, 6%) and penicillins (28,6%). According to the WHO classification, 55 (52, 4%) took the major priority antibiotics. Conclusion. We are on the alert and there is an urging need to raise awareness among clinicians and patients alike by providing them with good clinical practice guidelines.

Nurses’ Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration in Hospitals in the Maldives

@#Introduction: The concept of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) is widely used in healthcare organizations, where patients are treated. However, there is no definite terminology that can explain the term IPC. The aim of this research is to understand nurses’ perception of IPC in Hospitals in the Maldives. Methods: A cross -sectional survey was conducted among 292 nurses from two hospitals followed by Focus Group Discussions with 5 nurses from each hospital. The instrument tool used for the survey was “conceptualization of interdisciplinary collaboration” by D’Amour which was adapted for this study with 9 items and an expert validated open ended questionnaire. Results: The findings from the study shows positive responses for IPC1-Disciplinary groups do exchange information 58.65% (n=171), IPC2- Share clinical decision making 60.3% (n=176), IPC3-Patient data are collectively reviewed 62.7% (n=183), IPC4- Supports each other in the multidisciplinary team 59.2% (n=173), IPC5 highest rate of positive response was for “IPC 6- conflict resolution which was 63.7% (n=186), IPC7- common care plan 63.0% (n=184), IPC8- Data collected at one point is shared with the team 57.5% (n=168) and the lowest was for “IPC 9- level of collaboration -56.8% (n=166) respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed that importance should be given to promoting a culture of interprofessional collaboration in the hospitals of Maldives. Therefore, there is a need to address this and implement IPC with respect to all professionals, by mitigating the hierarchical differences in the healthcare system. Thus, it is crucial to educate all HCPs with regard to sustaining IPC.

Systematic Review of Intervention Programs to Improve the Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices towards Work Safety Culture among Office Workers

@#Introduction: Workplace safety culture (WSC) is crucial in providing a safe working environment. Workers need to be reminded regularly of its importance, and therefore effectively, work safety intervention programs need to be identified to be used for this purpose. The main objective is to identify workplace intervention programs to improve WSC among office workers. The specific goals are to determine the types of intervention (knowledge-based, attitudinal, and practices-based interventions), the theories used, and the effectiveness. Methods: Databases such as ProQuest, CINAHL, Medline, and ScienceDirect were used to perform literature searches with the keywords [“safety culture training” OR “safety culture education” OR “safety culture promotion”] AND [“office workers” OR “civil servant” OR “white-collar workers” OR “administrative officers” OR “clerical officer”]. The inclusion criteria set for the search process included research articles, publication between January 1, 2015, and September 10, 2020, which were research articles within five years and eight months of publication to the time of data extraction of this study. Availability of full-text articles, articles published in English, and only articles among office workers. Results: This review includes seven articles and the techniques used for these studies were knowledge, attitude, and practices towards WSC. Conclusion: As the number and scope of intervention of studies on WSC seem scarce, the nature of jobs nowadays and in the future seems to be more office-based; consequently, more of these studies are recommended among office workers.

Seguridad del paciente, su percepción por el personal de enfermería en un hospital materno-infantil / Patient safety: Nursing staff´s perception in a mother and child hospital / Segurança do paciente, sua percepção pela equipe de enfermagem em um hospital materno-infantil

RESUMEN Introducción: La seguridad del paciente constituye un desafío para el personal de enfermería, por lo que se hace necesario el desarrollo, seguimiento y evaluación de indicadores de calidad y seguridad medibles, objetivos, relevantes y basados en la evidencia. Objetivo: Describir las percepciones sobre la cultura de seguridad del paciente en el personal de enfermería del servicio de cuidados críticos en un hospital materno-infantil de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal entre los meses de agosto y octubre de 2021. La población accesible estuvo constituida por 57 profesionales de enfermería. Se utilizó como instrumento el Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Resultados: Luego del análisis de las percepciones según dimensiones se encontró que la dimensión con valores más altos fue de 7 sobre la retroalimentación y comunicación sobre errores. El resto de las dimensiones obtuvieron puntuaciones en el rango de lo neutral, con valores menores o iguales a 4 puntos. Se aplicó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis, y no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en ninguna de las cuatro variables analizadas. Conclusiones: El análisis de la cultura de seguridad del paciente encontró percepciones no negativas donde la retroalimentación y comunicación sobre errores fue la única dimensión con puntuación positiva entre los enfermeros encuestados. Por último, destaca el hecho que no se pude establecer que la cultura organizacional de seguridad del paciente estuviera condicionada por indicadores sociodemográficos o de formación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patient safety is a challenge for nurses, so it is necessary to develop, monitor and evaluate quality and safety indicators that are measurable, objective, relevant and based in real evidence. Objective: To describe the perceptions concerning the patient safety culture among the nursing staff of the Critical care service in a mother and child hospital in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted between August and October 2021. The accessible population consisted of 57 nursing professionals. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used as an instrument. Results: After analyzing the perceptions according to dimensions, it was found that the dimension with the highest values was 7 at feedback and communication about errors. The rest of the dimensions obtained scores in neutral range, with values less than or equal to 4 points. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied, and no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in any of the four variables analyzed. Conclusions: In the analysis concerning patient safety culture found non-negative perceptions where feedback and communication about errors was the only dimension with a positive score among the nurses surveyed. Finally, it should be noted that it was not possible to establish that the organizational culture of patient safety was conditioned by sociodemographic or training indicators.

RESUMO Introdução: A segurança do paciente é um desafio para a equipe de enfermagem, por isso é necessário o desenvolvimento, monitoramento e avaliação de indicadores de qualidade e segurança mensuráveis, objetivos, relevantes e baseados em evidências. Objetivo: Descrever as percepções sobre a cultura de segurança do paciente na equipe de enfermagem do serviço de cuidados intensivos em um hospital materno-infantil da Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, realizado entre os meses de agosto e outubro de 2021. A população acessível foi composta por 57 profissionais de enfermagem. O Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture foi utilizado como instrumento. Resultados: Após analisar as percepções de acordo com as dimensões, verificou-se que a dimensão com maiores valores foi 7 no feedback e comunicação sobre erros. As demais dimensões obtiveram pontuações na faixa neutra, com valores menores ou iguais a 4 pontos. Aplicou-se o teste de Kruskal-Wallis e não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos em nenhuma das quatro variáveis analisadas. Conclusões: A análise da cultura de segurança do paciente encontrou percepções não negativas onde o feedback e a comunicação sobre os erros foi a única dimensão com pontuação positiva entre os enfermeiros pesquisados. Por fim, destaca o fato de que não foi possível estabelecer que a cultura organizacional de segurança do paciente fosse condicionada por indicadores sociodemográficos ou de treinamento.

The Impact of an Educational Program on Knowledge and Perception of Patient Safety Culture among Nurses in the Two Medical Colleges of Manipur: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: Nurses’ leaders are protracted as high‑leverage players who would be instrumental in initiating or bettering the culture of safety in the hospital, with no previous intervention done for the same in Manipur. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention program on patient safety culture among nurses in Manipur. Materials and Methods: A quasi‑experimental study was conducted from July 2019 to December 2021 among the 32 nurses of two tertiary‑level hospitals in Manipur. A structured questionnaire and Hospital Survey on  Patient Safety Culture version 2 were used (Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) version 2.O (AHRQ, Rockyville, Maryland, USA)). A 2‑day intervention based on the WHO’s Multi‑Professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide was used. Data were collected before, immediately, and 3 months after the intervention. Data were summarized using descriptive using IBM SPSS 26. Paired t‑test, Chi‑square test, and t‑test were employed to check for differences within and between the groups, and P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The mean knowledge scores were comparable between the groups at baseline (7.13 ± 3.3, 8.44 ± 3.74; P= 0.142) but differed significantly at posttest and follow‑up tests(P < 0.0001). The dimensions of “staffing and work pace” and “reporting patient safety events” had the lowest positive responses from both the groups at baseline. There is a significant increase in the total safety score from baseline to posttest and follow‑up in the intervention group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study asseverated the effectiveness of an educational intervention in increasing the knowledge and perception of patient safety culture, but the results highlighted the need for training at regular intervals.

Desempeño de los Tecnólogos Médicos como Oficiales de Protección Radiológica - 2021 / Performance of Medical Technologist as Radiation Protection Officers Lima - 2021

Las radiaciones ionizantes tienen el potencial de generar efectos adversos a la salud de las personas. Para hacer un uso más seguro y eficiente de estas radiaciones, la Comisión Internacional de Protección Radiológica fundamentalmente ha implementado un sistema de protección radiológica (SPR) que se basa en tres principios: justificación, optimización y límites. A su vez, estos principios se sustentan en cuatro valores éticos (beneficencia, prudencia, justicia y dignidad). Se sabe que en Chile el profesional que esta mandatado para realizar la toma de los exámenes que utilizan radiaciones ionizantes es el/la Tecnólogo Médico en Imagenología. Por lo tanto, resulta interesante valorar el grado de conocimiento adquirido y posteriormente aplicado en torno a los valores éticos del SPR por parte de dichos profesionales. De esta manera el objetivo del este artículo de tipo Punto de Vista fue realizar una serie de reflexiones en torno a esta temática. Cuando se realiza un procedimientos médico u odontológico con radiaciones ionizantes, el/la Tecnólogo Médico en Imagenología participa esencialmente en la realización del mismo, por lo que no debería ser su responsabilidad el cautelar que se cumplan los 4 valores éticos descritos dentro del SPR. A juicio nuestro, el principio de optimización, sería el único principio o pilar del SPR donde tiene real obligación de participar, utilizando las restricciones a las exposiciones individuales y los niveles de referencia para diagnóstico para reducir las desigualdades en la distribución de las exposiciones entre los grupos expuestos. Finalmente, resulta vital investigar si en su formación de especialidad se tocan estas temáticas.

Ionizing radiation has the potential to generate adverse effects on people's health. To make safer and more efficient use of these radiations, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has fundamentally implemented a radiological protection system (RPS) based on three principles: justification, optimization and limits. In turn, these principles are based on four ethical values (beneficence, prudence, justice and dignity). It is known that in Chile the professional who is mandated to perform the exams that use ionizing radiation is the Medical Imaging Technologist. Therefore, it is interesting to assess the degree of knowledge acquired and subsequently applied around the ethical values of the RPS by these professionals. In this way, the objective of this Point of View article was to make a series of reflections on this subject. When a medical or dental procedure is performed with ionizing radiation, the Medical Imaging Technologist essentially participates in its performance, so it should not be their responsibility to ensure that the 4 ethical values described in the RPS are met. In our opinion, the principle of optimization would be the only principle or pillar of the RPS where it has a real obligation to participate, using the restrictions on individual exposures and the diagnostic reference levels to reduce inequalities in the distribution of exposures between exposed groups. Finally, it is vital to investigate whether these topics are addressed in his specialty training.

Optimización de la protección en radiología y cardiología intervencionista pediatrica en América Latina y el Caribe (OPRIPALC) / Optimization of protection in pediatric interventional cardiology and radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPRIPALC)

El objetivo del presente artículo ha sido describir el programa "Optimización de la Protección en Radiología Intervencionista Pediátrica en América Latina y el Caribe" (OPRIPALC) que nace el año 2018 como respuesta conjunta de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en cooperación con el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica, para colaborar con sus Estados miembros en asegurar que las exposiciones a la radiación de los pacientes pediátricos sean las mínimas necesarias durante los procedimientos intervencionistas. Actualmente, hay 18 centros de los siguientes 10 países que participan: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, México, Perú y Uruguay. Para el desarrollo del programa se plantean una serie de objetivos, productos, actividades y resultados esperados. La puesta en marcha de la WEB de OPRIPALC ha significado un instrumento muy válido para seguir la información actualizada del programa. Un programa actualizado de formación en radioprotección para los profesionales implicados en el programa, se está realizando por medio de "webinars". Se deberá seguir actuando en la aplicación del programa de control de calidad básico para los equipos de rayos X participantes y validar los valores de los Niveles de Referencia para Diagnóstico (NRDs). Se propone formar un equipo de trabajo entre los Físicos Médicos y Tecnólogos Médicos participantes de OPRIPALC para implicarse en las pruebas de control básicas que todos los centros debieran realizar. Se han presentado algunos resultados iniciales de OPRIPALC en eventos científicos internacionales. Se está avanzando en proponer unos primeros valores sobre NRDs en procedimientos de intervencionismo cardiológico pediátrico por bandas de edad y peso. OPRIPALC es una de las pocas iniciativas de carácter regional para obtener valores de NRDs en procedimientos intervencionistas pediátricos. Se espera que tanto los valores de referencia como la metodología empleada en OPRIPALC, puedan ser utilizados en otras regiones del mundo.

The objective of this article has been to describe the program "Optimization of Protection in Pediatric Interventional Radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean" (OPRIPALC) that was born in 2018 as a joint response of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Organization of the Health, in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, to collaborate with its member states in ensuring that radiation exposures of pediatric patients are the minimum necessary during interventional procedures. Currently, there are 18 centers from the following 10 countries participating: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. For the development of the program, a series of objectives, products, activities and expected results are proposed. The launch of the OPRIPALC WEBSITE has been a very valid instrument for following up-to-date information on the program. An updated training program in radiation protection for the professionals involved in the program is being carried out through webinars. It should continue acting in the application of the basic quality control program for the participating X-ray equipment and validate the values of the Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). It is proposed to form a work team among the OPRIPALC participating medical physicists to get involved in the basic control tests that all centers should carry out. Some initial results of OPRIPALC have been presented at international scientific events. Progress is being made in proposing first values on DRLs in pediatric cardiac intervention procedures by age and weight bands. OPRIPALC is one of the few regional initiatives to obtain DRLs values in pediatric interventional procedures. It is expected that both the reference values and the methodology used in OPRIPALC can be used in other regions of the world.

Clima de seguridad del paciente en cuatro servicios quirúrgicos de Santander / Patient Safety Climate in four Santander surgical units

Resumen Introducción: Conocer la percepción del clima de seguridad al interior de los servicios quirúrgicos es una tarea importante para establecer acciones que reduzcan el riesgo de eventos adversos durante la atención del paciente. Objetivo: Caracterizar el clima de seguridad en los servicios quirúrgicos de cuatro instituciones de salud de Santander. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se aplicó el instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety. Los resultados se reportaron como los promedios de repuestas positivas y negativas. Se analizaron las características asociadas a las dimensiones con mayores puntajes de percepción negativa. Resultados: Participaron 164 trabajadores. Las dimensiones con mayor percepción positiva fueron prácticas seguras (84 %), dotación de personal (83,2 %) y aprendizaje organizacional (78,4 %). Las dimensiones con percepción desfavorable fueron respuesta no punitiva al error (40,2 %), carga de trabajo (51,7 %), comunicación (54,3 %) y transiciones y transferencias entre servicios (58,1 %). Se encontró asociación entre una baja percepción en las transiciones y transferencias entre servicios con la contratación por prestación de servicios y con el cargo Médico Especialista y Anestesiólogo. Los bajos puntajes en comunicación se asociaron a la contratación gremial. No se encontraron factores asociados para las dimensiones respuesta no punitiva al error y carga de trabajo. Conclusiones: La percepción sobre clima seguridad en general es considerada positiva, aunque existen oportunidades de mejora. Los factores como tipo de contratación y cargo se asociaron a una percepción negativa de clima de seguridad. Los trabajadores se sienten juzgados al reportar eventos adversos.

Abstract Introduction: Knowing the perception of the safety climate within surgical services has become an important task to establish actions that reduce the risk of suffering adverse events during patient care. Objective: To characterize the safety climate in the surgical services of four health institutions in Santander. Materials and methods: Observational cross-sectional study. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety instrument was applied. The results were reported as the means of positive and negative responses. The characteristics associated with the dimensions with the highest negative perception scores were analyzed. Results: 164 workers participated. The dimensions with the highest positive perception were safe practices (84 %), staffing (83.2 %) and organizational learning (78.4 %); Dimensions with unfavorable perception were non-punitive response to error (40.2 %), workload (51.7 %), communication (54.3 %) and transitions and transfers between services (58.1 %). Association between a low perception in transitions and transfers between services with contracting for the provision of services and with the position of Specialist (Physician and Anesthesiologist) was found. Low scores in communication were associated with union hiring. No associated factors were found for the non-punitive response to error and workload dimensions. Conclusions In general, the perception of safety climate is considered positive, although there are opportunities for improvement. Factors such as type of hiring and position were more associated with negative perception. Workers feel judged when reporting adverse events.

Avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente em um hospital do sul do brasil

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de cultura de segurança do paciente, na perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde, em um hospital do sul do Brasil. Material e Método: Estudo quantitativo aplicado pelo instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HOSPSC), de maio a junho de 2018; a amostra de 291 participantes foi obtida por conveniência, os dados foram organizados no programa Microsoft Excel®. Para a análise e interpretação das dimensões da cultura de segurança, foi aplicada a metodologia proposta pela Agency Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Resultados: O percentual geral de respostas positivas foi de 46%, a dimensão com maior percentual de respostas positivas foi "aprendizagem organizacional e melhoria contínua"; nenhuma dimensão atingiu um valor superior a 75%; a dimensão que apresentou maior fragilidade foi "resposta não punitiva ao erro", com menor percentual de respostas positivas (16%); a maioria dos profissionais (56%) não fez nenhuma notificação no período de 12 meses; em relação à percepção dos participantes sobre a segurança do paciente em sua unidade de trabalho, foi observada quantidade semelhante entre aqueles que têm percepção positiva (muito boa e excelente) e negativa (regular, ruim e péssima). Conclusões: Há fragilidades na cultura de segurança do paciente, evidenciando a necessidade de se discutir o tema em todas as áreas de atenção da instituição.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the level of patient safety culture, from the perspective of health professionals, in a hospital in southern Brazil. Material and Method: Quantitative study carried out using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture instrument, from May to June 2018. The sample was drawn using convenience sampling and consisted of 291 participants; data were organized in Microsoft Excel®. For the analysis and interpretation of safety culture dimensions, the methodology proposed by the Agency Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was applied. Results: The overall percentage of positive responses was 46%, the dimension that showed a higher percentage of positive responses was "organizational learning and continuous improvement", however no dimension reached a value above 75%. The dimension that showed the greatest fragility was a "non-punitive response to error" with the lowest percentage of positive responses (16%). Most professionals (56%) did not make any notification in the 12-month period. Regarding the participants' perception of patient safety in their work unit, a similar amount was observed among those who have a positive (very good and excellent) and negative (regular, bad and very bad) perception. Conclusions: The study reveals weaknesses in patient safety culture, highlighting the need to discuss the subject in all healthcare areas within the institution.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de cultura de seguridad del paciente, desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud, en un hospital del sur de Brasil. Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo que aplicó el instrumento Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HOSPSC), de mayo a junio de 2018; la muestra de 291 participantes se obtuvo por conveniencia, los datos se organizaron en Microsoft Excel®. Para el análisis e interpretación de las dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad, se aplicó la metodología propuesta por la Agency Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Resultados: El porcentaje general de respuestas positivas fue del 46%, la dimensión con mayor porcentaje de respuestas positivas fue "aprendizaje organizacional y la mejora continua"; ninguna dimensión alcanzó un valor superior al 75%; la dimensión que mostró mayor fragilidad fue "respuesta no punitiva al error", con el porcentaje más bajo de respuestas positivas (16%); la mayoría de los profesionales (56%) no hicieron ninguna notificación en el período de 12 meses; con respecto a la percepción de los participantes sobre la seguridad del paciente en su unidad de trabajo, se observó una cantidad similar entre aquellos que tienen una percepción positiva (muy buena y excelente) y negativa (regular, mala y muy mala). Conclusiones: Existen debilidades en la cultura de seguridad del paciente, destacando la necesidad de discutir el tema en todos los ámbitos de atención de la institución.

Asociación entre eventos adversos en el cuidado de enfermería, cultura de seguridad y complejidad de pacientes en un hospital chileno

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar asociación entre cultura de seguridad, complejidad de pacientes e incidencia de eventos adversos (EA) asociados al cuidado de enfermería en un hospital chileno de alta complejidad. Material y Método: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, analítico y diseño ecológico, que en 869 reportes midió los EA ocurridos entre 2014 y 2017. Se midió la cultura de seguridad con el total de enfermeros/as (95) a través del Cuestionario sobre Seguridad de los Pacientes, versión española adaptada de Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, encuesta original de la Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), de los Estados Unidos; la complejidad del paciente se midió según datos del Grupo Relacionado de Diagnósticos (GRD). El análisis consideró estadística descriptiva y correlaciones de Spearman y regresiones logísticas entre incidencia de EA ajustada a complejidad y cultura de seguridad. Resultados: La media de la percepción de seguridad global fue de 7,69 puntos; las dimensiones 4 (aprendizaje organizacional/mejora continua) y 5 (trabajo en equipo en la unidad/servicio) son consideradas fortalezas; la dimensión 9 (dotación de personal) una oportunidad de mejora; los servicios de mayor complejidad presentan mayor incidencia de EA y mayor cultura de seguridad; existe asociación lineal entre incidencia de EA ajustada a complejidad y clima de seguridad global (coeficiente beta=-5,11; p valor 0,004; IC 1,65-8,5). Conclusiones: Se confirma la asociación entre eventos adversos con cultura de seguridad y complejidad del cuidado. La mayor incidencia de EA se debe al mayor número de reportes y no a su mayor ocurrencia. Las instituciones de salud deben promover estrategias que incrementen el nivel de cultura de seguridad para mejorar los cuidados de enfermería y la calidad en salud.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between safety culture, the degree of complexity of the patients and the incidence of adverse events associated with nursing care in a Chilean hospital. Method: Cross-seccional study, with a quantitative approach, analytical and ecological design, which in 869 reports measured AE that occurred between 2014 - 2017. Safety culture was measured with the total number of nurses (95) through the Patient Safety Questionnaire, a Spanish version adapted from the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, an original survey from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), from the United States; the complexity of the patient was measured according to data from the Related Group of Diagnoses (DRG). The analysis considered descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations and logistic regressions between AD incidence adjusted for complexity and safety culture. Results: The mean global security perception was 7.69 points; Dimensions 4 (organizational learning / continuous improvement) and 5 (teamwork in the unit / service) are considered strengths; dimension 9 (staffing) with opportunity for improvement; more complex services have a higher incidence of AE and a higher safety culture; There is a linear association between the incidence of AD adjusted to complexity and the global security climate (beta coefficient = -5.11; p value 0.004; CI 1.65 and 8.5). Conclusions: The association between quality culture, complexity of care and adverse events is confirmed. The higher incidence of AE is due to the greater number of reports and not to its greater occurrence. Health institutions must promote and implement strategies to increase the safety culture level in nursing personnel to improve the delivery of quality care in health.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre cultura de segurança, complexidade do paciente e incidência de eventos adversos (EA) associados à assistência de enfermagem em um hospital chileno de alta complexidade. Material e Método: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, analítico e de desenho ecológico, que em 869 relatórios mediu EA ocorridos entre 2014-2017. A cultura de segurança foi medida com todos os enfermeiros (95) por meio do Questionnaire, versão em espanhol adaptada do Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, pesquisa original da Agência dos Estados Unidos para Pesquisa e Qualidade em Saúde (AHRQ), a complexidade do paciente foi medida de acordo com dados do Related Group of Diagnoses (DRG). A análise considerou estatísticas descritivas e correlações de Spearman e regressões logísticas entre a incidência de DA ajustada para complexidade e cultura de segurança. Resultados: A percepção de segurança global média foi de 7,69 pontos; As dimensões 4 (aprendizagem organizacional / melhoria contínua) e 5 (trabalho em equipe na unidade / serviço) são consideradas pontos fortes; dimensão 9 (pessoal) com oportunidade de melhoria; serviços mais complexos apresentam maior incidência de EA e maior cultura de segurança; Existe uma associação linear entre a incidência de DA ajustada à complexidade e clima de segurança global (coeficiente beta = -5,11; valor de p 0,004; IC 1.65 e 8.5). Conclusões: Confirma-se a associação entre cultura de qualidade, complexidade do atendimento e eventos adversos. A maior incidência de EA se deve ao maior número de notificações e não à sua maior ocorrência. As instituições de saúde devem promover e implementar estratégias que aumentem o nível de cultura de segurança no pessoal de enfermagem para melhorar a prestação de cuidados e a qualidade em saúde.

Cultura de segurança do paciente no atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel / Culture of patient safety in mobile prehospital care

A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral, investigar a percepção da equipe multiprofissional de APH, acerca da cultura de segurança do paciente no serviço público de APH Móvel do SAMU-192. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e transversal, do tipo survey, que utilizou o Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança (SAQ) versão brasileira. O estudo foi realizado no serviço regional do SAMU-192, no interior do estado de São Paulo. A amostra de 151 profissionais do APH Móvel foi composta por enfermeiros; técnicos de enfermagem; auxiliares de enfermagem; médicos e condutores de veículos de urgência, todos com tempo de atuação na especialidade acima de seis meses. O valor Alpha Cronbach's de 0,86, indicou uma forte correlação entre os itens internos e mostrou que o instrumento apresenta boa confiabilidade. O índice de participação da amostra elegível foi de 94,3%, prevalecendo os técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem (42,0%); masculino (57,6%), atuação principal no adulto e pediátrico (93,4%), mostrando-se experientes no APH Móvel com 11 a 20 anos (41,1%). A percepção positiva foi observada em todas as categorias nos domínios Satisfação no Trabalho e Comportamento/Práticas Seguras. Já a percepção negativa aparece em todas as categorias nos domínios Clima de Segurança; Condições de Trabalho; Percepção da Gestão e SAQ total. Exceto os enfermeiros que apresentaram percepções negativas, todas as categorias mostraram percepção positiva no domínio Clima de Trabalho em Equipe. No domínio Reconhecimento de Estresse, somente os médicos reguladores apresentaram percepções positivas. Os enfermeiros apresentaram atitudes positivas em menos domínios, apenas dois dos setes domínios existentes. Os médicos assistenciais e condutores de veículos de urgências apresentaram resultados de atitudes positivas em três domínios cada. Já os técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem e os médicos reguladores apresentaram atitudes positivas em relação a quatro domínios cada um deles. O teste de Mann-Whitney, indicou que o domínio Condições de Trabalho teve associação dos técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem ao se comparar com os enfermeiros e médicos assistenciais. Já o domínio Satisfação no Trabalho mostrou associação dos médicos assistenciais ao se comparar com os técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem e condutores de veículo de urgência. Quanto ao domínio Reconhecimento de Estresse, associação foi observada nos médicos reguladores ao se comparar com os técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem e os condutores de veículo de urgência. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas quanto ao SAQ total e as demais comparações dos outros domínios. Os participantes do estudo apresentaram percepções negativas quanto a cultura de segurança do paciente, uma vez que os resultados levantados apontam sinais de fragilidade em quatro dos setes domínios avaliados e no SAQ total; reforçando a necessidade de melhorar a cultura de segurança neste serviço de APH Móvel

The general objective of the research was to investigate the perception of the multiprofessional APH team regarding the patient safety culture in the public mobile APH service of SAMU-192. This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study, of the survey type, which used the Questionnaire of Attitudes of Security (SAQ) Brazilian version. The study was carried out at the SAMU-192 regional service, in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The sample of 151 professionals at APH Mobile was composed of nurses; nursing technicians; nursing assistants; doctors and drivers of emergency vehicles, all of whom have worked in the specialty for more than six months. The Alpha Cronbach's value of 0.86, indicated a strong correlation between the internal items and showed that the instrument has good reliability. The participation rate of the eligible sample was 94.3%, with nursing technicians / assistants prevailing (42.0%); male (57.6%), main activity in adult and pediatric (93.4%), proving to be experienced in APH Mobile with 11 to 20 years old (41.1%). The positive perception was observed in all categories in the domains of Job Satisfaction and Behavior / Safe Practices. The negative perception appears in all categories in the Safety Climate domains; Work conditions; Perception of Management and total SAQ. Except for nurses who presented negative perceptions, all categories showed positive perception in the Teamwork Climate domain. In the Stress Recognition domain, only regulating physicians had positive perceptions. Nurses showed positive attitudes in fewer domains, only two of the seven existing domains. Assistance doctors and drivers of emergency vehicles showed positive attitude results in three domains each. The nursing technicians / assistants and the regulating doctors, on the other hand, showed positive attitudes in relation to four domains each. The Mann-Whitney test indicated that the domain Working Conditions had an association of nursing technicians / assistants when compared with nurses and medical assistants. The Work Satisfaction domain, on the other hand, showed an association between care physicians when comparing themselves with nursing technicians / assistants and drivers of emergency vehicles. As for the Stress Recognition domain, an association was observed in regulating physicians when comparing themselves with nursing technicians / assistants and drivers of emergency vehicles. No significant differences were found regarding the total SAQ and the other comparisons of the other domains. The study participants presented negative perceptions regarding the patient safety culture, since the results obtained point to signs of fragility in four of the seven domains evaluated and in the total SAQ; reinforcing the need to improve the safety culture in this Mobile APH service

Practice and exploration of hospital safety culture construction / 中华医院管理杂志

Hospital safety culture plays an important role in ensuring hospital service quality and safety. Based on the working practice of Changshu No.1 People′s Hospital and through the analysis of the current situation of hospital safety, the authors explored the construction of hospital safety culture from the aspects of organizational culture, system culture, atmosphere culture and improvement culture. It also discussed that in the process of safety culture construction, we should pay attention to stimulating employees′ innovation, enhancing effective communication, paying attention to the details of medical services, strengthening the implementation and effect test of the system, paying attention to humanistic care, and expanding the safety culture management mechanism to the grass-roots level.

The safety culture of psychiatric nurses in different levels of hospitals: a cross-sectional survey / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:This study aims to investigate Mental health nurses′ perceptions of patient safety culture in different levels of hospitals, so as to provide the basis for understanding the perceptions of patients' safety culture among psychiatric nurses in different levels of hospitals.Methods:The self-designed general data questionnaire and the Hospital Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire were used to collect and analyze the data of 2 624 psychiatric nurses from level 3, level 2 and Level 1 hospitals in the seven administrative regions of China.Results:The scores of nurses in primary and secondary hospitals were 132.74±1.35 and 151.99±1.74, lower than 154.76±1.85 in tertiary hospitals ( χ2 value was 19.228, P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the non-punitive response to error, feedback and communications about error, communication openness, hospital management support for patient safety, and frequency of events reported, overall perception of patient safety among psychiatric nurses at different levels of hospitals ( χ2 value was 7.997-37.681, P<0.05). Conclusions:The mental health nurses′ perceptions of patient safety culture in different levels of hospitals need to be improved, and hospital managers at all levels should focus on the non-punitive response to errors and personnel allocation. In addition, managers of primary and secondary hospitals also need to strengthen the training of nurses in such dimensions as feedback and communication of errors, openness of communication, management support for patient safety, frequency of adverse event reports, and overall sense of patient safety.

Women's safety culture in childbirth and related institutional factors / Cultura de seguridad de las mujeres en el parto y factores institucionales relacionados / Cultura de segurança das mulheres no parto e fatores institucionais relacionados

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the safety culture of women in childbirth and related institutional factors based on the perceptions of nursing and medical professionals. Methods: a mixed, sequential explanatory study, conducted with nursing technicians, nurses and physicians of the obstetric center of a public maternity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Data collection took place from May to July 2018. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire and descriptive statistical treatment were applied. Then, 12 semistructured interviews and thematic content analysis were applied and, finally, this data set was integrated. Results: most of the dimensions of the safety culture are weakened, especially in the areas of institutional organization, and the team lacks knowledge about the actions of the Patient Safety Center in the institution, the uniformity of care is deficient and the number of personnel for care is limited. The safety management process and work organization need adaptations. Conclusion: the safety culture of women requires improvements in team training, skilled care, work organization, and commitment of local management to qualified and safe care in hospital births.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la cultura de seguridad de las mujeres en el parto y los factores institucionales relacionados a partir de las percepciones de los profesionales de enfermería y medicina. Métodos: estudio misto, secuencial explanatorio, desarrollado con técnicas de enfermería, enfermeras y médicas del Centro Obstétrico de una maternidad pública del municipio de Rio de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recolectados de mayo a julio de 2018. Se aplicaron el cuestionario Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture y el tratamiento estadístico descriptivo. A seguir, se llevaron a cabo 12 entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de contenido temático y, al final, ese conjunto de datos fue integrado. Resultados: la mayor parte de las dimensiones de la cultura de seguridad está fragilizada, sobretodo en las áreas de la organización institucional, y hay desconocimiento del equipo sobre las acciones del Nucleo de Seguridad del Paciente en la institución, deficiencia en la uniformidad de la atención y número limitado de personal para los cuidados. Son necesarias adecuación del proceso de gestión de la seguridad y organización del trabajo. Conclusión: la cultura de seguridad de las mujeres requiere mejoras en la capacitación del equipo, adecuación de la atención, organización del trabajo y comprometimiento de la gestión local con la atención cualificada y segura al parto hospitalario.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a cultura de segurança das mulheres no parto e os fatores institucionais relacionados a partir das percepções dos profissionais de enfermagem e medicina. Métodos: estudo misto, sequencial explanatório, realizado com técnicas de enfermagem, enfermeiras e médicas do Centro Obstétrico de uma maternidade pública do município do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu de maio a julho de 2018. Aplicaram-se o questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture e o tratamento estatístico descritivo. Em seguida, realizaram-se 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo temática e, por fim, esse conjunto de dados foi integrado. Resultados: a maior parte das dimensões da cultura de segurança está fragilizada, sobretudo nas áreas da organização institucional, e há desconhecimento da equipe sobre as ações do Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente na instituição, deficiência na uniformidade da assistência e quantitativo limitado de pessoal para os cuidados. Adequação do processo de gestão da segurança e organização do trabalho são necessárias. Conclusão: a cultura de segurança das mulheres requer melhorias na capacitação da equipe, adequação da assistência, organização do trabalho e no comprometimento da gestão local com a assistência qualificada e segura ao parto hospitalar.

Safety culture and safety performance in high-reliability organizations: a synthesis of IDOCAL’S contributions to the literature / Cultura de segurança e desempenho de segurança em organizações de alta confiabilidade: uma síntese das contribuições do IDOCAL para a literatura / Cultura de seguridad y desempeño de seguridad en organizaciones de alta fiabilidad: una síntesis de las contribuciones de IDOCAL a la literatura

Improving safety culture and safety performance is a constant concern for companies operating in high-risk environments. For almost two decades, IDOCAL (the Research Institute of Personnel Psychology, Organizational Development and Quality of Working Life) has been contributing to advancing our understanding of these important concepts through theoretical development and empirical research. The objective of this article is to synthesize these contributions. Some of the most prominent are (1) the development of a framework for the evaluation of safety culture and its correlates based on the AMIGO model, (2) the establishment of the empowering leadership model as a valuable concept in safety leadership, and (3) the establishment of a three-dimensional safety performance model. In addition, the researchers within IDOCAL have made great progress in understanding the main predictors of safety performance, including empowering leadership and safety culture. Within this paper, IDOCAL's plans to advance this line of research in the coming years, by extending it from the nuclear power sector to other high-risk industries, are also outlined.

Melhorar a cultura de segurança e o desempenho de segurança é uma preocupação constante para empresas que operam em ambientes de alto risco. Há quase duas décadas, o IDOCAL (Instituto de Pesquisa em Psicologia do Pessoal, Desenvolvimento Organizacional e Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho) tem contribuído para o avanço da compreensão desses importantes conceitos por meio do desenvolvimento teórico e da pesquisa empírica. O objetivo deste artigo é sintetizar essas contribuições. Alguns dos mais proeminentes são (1) o desenvolvimento de uma estrutura para a avaliação da cultura de segurança e seus correlatos com base no modelo AMIGO, (2) o estabelecimento do modelo de liderança capacitadora como um conceito valioso em liderança de segurança, e (3) o estabelecimento de um modelo tridimensional de desempenho de segurança. Além disso, os pesquisadores do IDOCAL fizeram um grande progresso no entendimento dos principais preditores de desempenho de segurança, incluindo capacitação de liderança e cultura de segurança. Neste documento, os planos do IDOCAL para avançar esta linha de pesquisa nos próximos anos, estendendo-a do setor de energia nuclear a outras indústrias de alto risco, também são descritos.

Mejorar la cultura de la seguridad y el desempeño de seguridad es una preocupación constante para las empresas que operan en entornos de alto riesgo. Durante casi dos décadas, IDOCAL (el Instituto de Investigación en Psicología de los Recursos Humanos, Desarrollo Organizacional y Calidad de Vida Laboral) ha contribuido a mejorar nuestra comprensión de estos importantes conceptos a través del desarrollo teórico y la investigación empírica. El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar estos aportes. Algunos de los más destacados son (1) el desarrollo de un marco para la evaluación de la cultura de la seguridad y sus correlatos basado en el modelo AMIGO, (2) el establecimiento del modelo de liderazgo empoderador como un concepto valioso en el liderazgo en seguridad, y (3) el establecimiento de un modelo tridimensional de desempeño de seguridad. Además, los investigadores de IDOCAL han logrado grandes avances en la comprensión de los principales predictores del desempeño en seguridad, incluido el liderazgo de empoderamiento y la cultura de seguridad. En este trabajo también se describen los planes de IDOCAL para avanzar en esta línea de investigación en los próximos años, extendiéndola desde el sector de la energía nuclear a otras industrias de alto riesgo.

Aprendizaje de la seguridad asistencial en medicina intensiva / Patient safety´s learning in intensive medicine

Introducción: la seguridad asistencial (SA) es una competencia especialmente relevante en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), ya que la gravedad de los pacientes y los tratamientos que reciben, generan situaciones de riesgo para eventos adversos (EA). Se presenta una revisión narrativa de los conceptos más importantes de SA, con énfasis en su enseñanza-aprendizaje en medicina intensiva (MI). Además, se describen los resultados de una experiencia piloto sobre formación en SA, para residentes de MI de la Pontificia Universi-dad Católica de Chile (UC). Métodos: para la revisión narrativa se utilizó una estrategia de búsqueda amplia en Pubmed, considerando artículos clínicos y de educación. También se revisó la literatura nacional, incluyendo libros de resúmenes de congresos. La experiencia piloto consistió en un taller de cinco sesiones, basado en aprendizaje en pequeño grupo. Resultados: iniciativas internacionales han tratado de estandarizar el aprendizaje de la SA. Para una atención de salud segura deben considerarse competencias como comuni-cación, liderazgo y trabajo en equipo; pues, 20-30% de los EAs están relacionados con estas. Al término del taller de formación en SA, se encontró que la adquisición de conocimientos fue adecuada; sin embargo, no hubo mejoría en la percepción de la importancia de esta competencia. Conclusión: la SA es fundamental para cualquier actividad clínica, siendo indispensable la capacitación de los intensivistas en esta competencia. La próxima versión del dispositivo de formación en SA para residentes de la subespecialidad de MI de la UC se optimizará, agregando un módulo de aprendizaje en el lugar de trabajo en la UCI.

Introduction: Patient Safety (PS) is a relevant competence in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) since the severity of the patients and the treat-ments they receive generate risk situations for Adverse Events (AE). A narrative review of the most important concepts of PS is presented, with emphasis on its teaching-learning process in the area of intensive medicine (IM). Also, the results of a PS training pilot program for IM residents of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), are described. Methods: For the literature review, a broad search strategy in PubMed was used, including publications in English and Spanish; clinical and educational articles were considered. Local, national literature was also reviewed, including conference abstract-books. The pilot program consisted of a five-session workshop, based on a small group learning strategy. Results: International initiatives have tried to standardize PS learning. Other competencies, such as communication, leadership, and teamwork, must also be considered for safe healthcare, as 20-30% of AE are related to these. At the end of the IM-resident PS workshop, it was found that knowledge acquisition was adequate; however, there was no improvement in the perception of the im-portance of PS. Conclusion: PS is essential for any clinical activity, and training in it is mandatory for intensivists. The next version of the PS training program for IM residents of UC will be optimized by adding a workplace-based learning module in the ICU.

Utilization of an Instructional Package on Patient Safety Culture to Enhance Knowledge of Nursing Students in Two Selected Universities in South-West, Nigeria

Aims:The culture of keeping patients safe is a global issue which should be emphasized within the nursing profession. Despite exposure of nursing students to patient safety teachings, its knowledge among nursing students has been low.Re-emphasizing a positive culture of patient safety in classroom is essential in the training of nurses that will provide high qualitycare. This study was developed to assess the outcome of an instructional package on the knowledge of baccalaureate nursing trainees concerning patient safety culture in two chosen Universities in Southwest, Nigeria. Study Design:The researchers adopted a two groups nonequivalent pre-test, and post-test quasi-experimental design. Place and Duration of Study:Babcock University, Ogun State and Afe Babalola University, Ekiti State between March and April 2018.Methodology:The study participants comprised 143 nursing students from Babcock University (experimental group) and Afe BabalolaUniversity (control group). A self-developed questionnaire was employed to obtain data on the knowledge of patient safety culture pre-intervention and two weeks post intervention. Data was examined using Statistical package for the social science(SPSS) and t-test was done at a significance level of P<0.05.Results:Findings revealed experimental mean knowledge gain of 2.425, while control group mean knowledge gain was 0.110. Significant differences were found in the participants knowledge of patient safety culture between the experimental group and control group (P<0.001) and between knowledge of error reporting in the experimental group (P<0.001).Conclusion:Teaching sessions on patient safety culture can improve nursing students’ knowledge about patient safety. The findings of the study recommends that patient safety education should be reinforced in the curriculum of nursing schools, and that supplementary boosting sessions be executed periodically to ensure the retention of learned materials

Patient safety climate in operating rooms at Colombian hospitals: differences by profession and type of contract / Clima de seguridad del paciente en unidades quirúrgicas de hospitales colombianos: diferencias por profesión y tipo de contratación

Abstract Introduction: The safety climate (SC) measurement in the hospitals, is essential for the development of a patient safety policy (PSP). Information about SC in the operating rooms is scarce. Objective: To measure the dimensions of SC in Colombian Operating Rooms according to characteristics of surgical staff. Methods: Cross-sectional study. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety and an additional module for operating rooms were administered to healthcare workers in 6 high-complexity hospitals in the Metropolitan Area of Medellín (Colombia). The positive responses percentage for each dimension was measured. Differences by profession and type of contract were analyzed. Results: A total of442 participants were included. The workers in the operating rooms perceive a weak SC in terms of non-punitive response to error and workload (49.4% and 59.3% positive responses, respectively). Differences were found between physicians and nurses with lower scores in nursing for dimensions related to patient care. Anesthesiologists present low scores in events reporting. There are also differences by the type of work contract. Conclusion: Despite the PSP, the perception of a punitive culture to error, with a high workload. Recognizing differences between the groups within the surgical units helps to focus interventions strengthening the patient safety.

Resumen Introducción: La medición del clima de seguridad (CS) en las instituciones de salud es parte fundamental del desarrollo de una política de seguridad del paciente (PSP). Existe poca información acerca de la medición de clima de seguridad en las unidades quirúrgicas. Objetivo: Medir las dimensiones del CS en las unidades quirúrgicas de seis instituciones de salud colombianas según las características del personal. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. El cuestionario sobre seguridad del paciente en los hospitales (HSOPS) más la adición de un módulo para unidades quirúrgicas se aplicó al personal de seis hospitales de III nivel de Medellín (Colombia). Se midió el porcentaje de respuestas positivas para cada dimensión del CS. Se analizaron las diferencias por profesión y tipo de contratación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 442 participantes. El personal de las unidades quirúrgicas percibe un CS débil en respuesta no punitiva al error y carga de trabajo (49,4 % y 59,3 % de respuestas positivas respectivamente). Se encontraron diferencias entre personal médico y de enfermería con puntajes más bajos de percepción de CS en enfermería para aquellas dimensiones relacionadas con cuidado del paciente. Los anestesiólogos presentan puntajes bajos en el reporte de eventos. Existen además diferencias según el tipo de contrato de trabajo. Conclusiones: A pesar de la implementación de políticas de seguridad del paciente, persiste la percepción de una cultura punitiva frente al error, con una carga de trabajo elevado. El reconocimiento de las diferencias entre los grupos en las unidades quirúrgicas permitirá focalizar intervenciones que fortalezcan la seguridad del paciente.

Adaptação e validação de instrumento para caracterização de cultura de segurança de alimentos

Este estudo teve por objetivo adaptar e validar um instrumento (questionário) em português do Brasil para caracterização de cultura de segurança de alimentos. Utilizou-se como cenário de estudo áreas de manipulação de alimentos prontos para consumo de uma rede varejista de alimentos, composta por 28 lojas e 2204 manipuladores no estado de São Paulo. O processo de adaptação do instrumento ocorreu em seis passos: tradução do instrumento para o novo idioma, síntese das versões traduzidas, avaliação da síntese por especialistas, avaliação pelo público-alvo, retradução e estudo piloto. O instrumento adaptado consta de 31 itens, com respostas fechadas em escala Likert de sete pontos. O total de 383 manipuladores participaram do estudo, distribuídos em 15 lojas. Foi possível validar o instrumento para caracterização de cultura de segurança de alimentos. Também foi possível ratificar a existência de elementos da cultura de segurança dos alimentos na rede varejista, indicando que existe de fato um processo de construção da segurança dos alimentos na organização.

This study aimed to adapt and validate an instrument (questionnaire) in Brazilian Portuguese for characterization of food safety culture. The study scenario used ready-to-eat food handling areas of a retail food chain, consisting of 28 stores and 2204 handlers in the state of São Paulo. The instrument adaptation process took place in six steps: translation of the instrument into the new language, synthesis of the translated versions, expert evaluation of the synthesis, target audience evaluation, backtranslation and pilot study. The adapted instrument consists of 31 items, with closed responses on a seven-point Likert scale. A total of 383 handlers participated in the study, distributed in 15 stores. It was possible to validate the instrument for characterization of food safety culture. It was also possible to ratify the existence of food safety culture elements in the retail chain, indicating that there is indeed a process of building food safety in the organization.